The Life of R. Norris Williams: Titanic Survivor and Tennis Champion

Richard Norris Williams was a passenger aboard the RMS Titanic who went on to become a National Tennis Champion in the United States and Olympic gold medalist in mixed doubles tennis. The Swiss Philadelphian  Williams was a direct descendant of Benjamin Franklin. Both of his parents were from Philadelphia. His father, Duane Williams, helped to […]

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The Use of Subliminal Messages in Film and Advertising

In the 1940s, the American television and film-making industries began experimenting with a psychological approach. It aimed to sell products where single-frame product endorsements were embedded in film. These were undetectable to the eye, but hopefully, acknowledged by the viewer’s brain.  One of the earliest examples of this technique was a 1943 cartoon short featuring

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