Inside Eastern State Hospital: America’s first official mental hospital

Eastern State Hospital, founded in 1773 in Williamsburg, Virginia, has the unique distinction of being the first hospital built in America specifically for the confinement and treatment of the mentally ill.  Before the construction of this facility, individuals who suffered mental illness were not diagnosed by a physician knowledgeable in such conditions but judged by […]

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What Was the Enclosure Movement?

The Enclosure Movement doesn’t sound like it would have made a significant difference to English society through a modern lens. After all, everyday people are used to fencing off the land, designating land as having owners, and dividing up property amongst citizens to use as they wish. However, before the Enclosure Movement, common-use land was

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The Complete History of Garden Gnomes

Garden gnomes have been a part of popular culture for over a century, and their history is as fascinating as their presence in gardens and outdoor spaces is enduring.  These small statues or figurines, typically depicting small bearded creatures wearing traditional clothing and often carrying tools such as fishing rods or watering cans, have become

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What Was the Factory System?

For those of us living today, it seems impossible that there was ever a time before factories produced all the goods we use in our daily lives.  In reality, the factory’s rise is relatively recent regarding the scope of human history. For much of human existence, people made goods and grew food. Only the very

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